Inflammation of the prostate or inflammation of the prostate can be acute and chronic. Most often, organ damage is caused by a specific or non-specific infection, and sometimes pathological changes occur as a result of pelvic congestion. The main symptoms are urinary disorders and decreased potency. Treatment should be comprehensive and include the use of medications and the normalization of blood circulation in the pelvic organs of men.
Classification and characteristics of prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate in men is a pathology that significantly impairs patients' quality of life and causes a number of serious complications in both the urine and genital areas.
Prostatitis can be acute and chronic during the course. The latter can occur on its own (this happens more often) or as a result of an untreated acute process.
Classifies prostatitis as follows::
- The first category or acute bacterial prostatitis.
- The second is chronic bacterial inflammation.
- Third or chronic abdominal prostatitis (chronic pelvic pain syndrome). It is divided into 3A - inflammatory and 3B - non-inflammatory parts.
- The fourth is asymptomatic inflammation of the prostate gland.
The first and second categories are established for patients with a positive bacteriological examination. The difference is that the first is diagnosed when the symptoms last for up to 3 months. With the prolonged presence of clinical manifestations, chronic bacterial prostatitis is diagnosed.
The third category is also called chronic pelvic pain syndrome because the main complaint of patients is pain for at least 3 months. Examination of the secretions (ejaculate, urine, gland secretion after massage) did not detect the abnormal microflora. In these analyzes, an increase in the number of leukocytes results in inflammatory prostatitis (category 3A), with their normal content - non-inflammatory.
Most men identify one of the above categories because patients seek help for the presence of certain symptoms of the pathology.
Recently, doctors have identified a fourth subtype of the disease - asymptomatic prostatitis. They are accidentally diagnosed during medical examinations or when a man is examined for other diseases of the urogenital system. The danger of this form lies in the presence of abnormal lesions in the prostate, but the disease shows no subjective signs. This condition often leads to infertility.
Why there is a burning sensation in the urethra in men
Causes
Acute inflammation of the prostate in men occurs in 70% of cases due to E. coli infection.In other situations, the pathology is caused by enterobacteria, such as pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus. Staphylococci and streptococci are much less common.
Among the specific infections, neisseria gonorrheae and trichomonas vaginalis can cause acute prostatitis.
Contributing factors include:
- Performing various surgical procedures on male genitourinary organs.
- Urethral stricture as a result of chronic and acute inflammatory processes in the urethra.
- Perform diagnostic procedures - cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, etc.
- Violation of urination due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- Activation of the opportunistic microflora (enterobacteria) would be pathogenic due to decreased immunity and other body diseases.
- Irregular sex leading to stagnation of prostate secretions.
Chronic inflammation
If chronic prostatitis appears as a continuation of an acute process, the cause will be the same. In this form of the disease, the primary primary predisposing factors are:
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Clostridium.
- Gonorrhea and Trichomonas (can cause a chronic form immediately without an acute period).
- Salmonella.
- Different types of mushrooms.
A phenomenon such as intraprostatic reflux - the reflux of urine through the excretory channels into the prostate gland - plays an important role in the mechanism of pathology. As a result of this process, the infection can easily enter the organ, multiply and cause inflammation. Increase reflux:
- phimosis (narrowing of the foreskin);
- decreases in the lumen of the urethra;
- balanoposthitis (inflammation of the foreskin);
- urethral obstruction with calculus in urolithiasis.
Reflux and irregular sexual activity enhance the stagnant processes in the prostate, leading to the active proliferation of microorganisms, the intensification and spread of inflammation in the prostate calculi. All this intensifies the pathological process and leads to serious consequences.
Bacterial chronic inflammation of the prostate
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) is synonymous with this disease and occurs in the secretions detected by standard microbiological methods in the absence of microorganisms.
There are several theories about the appearance of pathology:
- infectious;
- chemical inflammation;
- immune system.
Confirmation of the infectious theory is that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detects DNA in pathogens secreted by the prostate gland. However, the microorganisms themselves cannot be detected by other microbiological methods.
Generally, CPPS contains genetic material from the following bacteria:
- Ureaplasma urealyticum (ureaplasma urealyticum).
- Mycoplasma hominis.
- Chlamydia trachomatis.
- Trichomonas vaginalis.
The theory of chemical inflammation explains CPPS as intraprostatic reflux, but in this case it is not the bacteria that causes it, but the urine itself. Once in the prostate, it causes damage to cellular structures and an inflammatory response.
According to immune theory, pathology occurs as a result of autoimmune processes or as an immune response to the entry of a foreign antigen into an organ.
In most cases, CPPS is caused by a complex effect rather than a single one.
The provocative factor for asymptomatic prostatitis can be anyone who can cause the above categories, the difference only occurring during this form of the disease.
Symptoms
Acute bacterial inflammation of the prostate gland is characterized by the appearance of general and local symptoms.
Severe pain in the suprapubus region and perineum and urination until complete cessation is first. Common symptoms in patients include body aches, sweating, chills, fever, and weakness.
Sometimes pain only occurs during bowel movements or when sitting. In some atypical cases, fever is the only sign of the disease.
Acute urinary retention occurs in severe prostate edema. This is due to the fact that the enlarged organ squeezes the urethra and forms a mechanical barrier to the outflow of bladder contents. At the same time, the patient's general condition deteriorates significantly: signs of intoxication increase hourly, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness and even coma may occur.
In case of delayed diagnosis, complications may occur, such as prostatic abscess (suppuration), with further rupture of the pus into the urethra or rectum. As a result, fistulas are formed that require surgery and reconstructive operations.
Manifestations of chronic bacterial inflammation of the prostate
Manifestations of this form of the disease are varied and range from complete absence of symptoms to sharp exacerbation of the process.
In most cases, patients are caused by pain of varying intensity in the perineum and rectum, which can spread to the scrotum, sacrum, penis and thighs. . Sometimes the pain syndrome becomes paroxysmal, reminiscent of neuralgia.
Urethral discomfort and frequent urination are also observed. Urethral discharge is sometimes determined. They get worse during the day after walking, exercising, bowel movements, or prostate massage.
There is a feeling of heaviness, pressure, fullness in the rectum and perineum. These symptoms are worse after prolonged sessions. This form of the disease is characterized by the appearance of inflammatory processes in the urinary system caused by the same microflora - cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis.
Symptoms of bacterial prostatitis
CPPS is characterized by the clinical picture of chronic bacterial inflammation of the prostate.
Patients have pelvic and perineal pain for more than 3 months, with a negative bacteriological test.There are different types of urinary disorders:
- frequent urination;
- difficulty urinating (slow flow, more effort needed);
- pain when urinating.
Sometimes sexual disorders occur - decreased libido, impotence.General symptoms often take the form of weakness, headache.
Medication
Antibiotics are the cornerstone of therapy. In a chronic process, drugs belonging to the group of fluoroquinolones are indicated. Beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides are prescribed for acute prostatitis.The treatment is performed in two stages::
- Empirical therapy is prescribed first (before the plants are accepted). Third generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones are used for this purpose.
- In the second stage, treatment is adjusted based on the bacteriological data obtained and the results of susceptibility to antibacterial agents.
These classes of antibiotics are chosen for the reason that they penetrate the hematoprostatic barrier and produce high concentrations of the drug in the prostate. This allows you to eliminate the focus of the infection. In case of bacterial prostatitis, antimicrobial therapy is also prescribed, which is necessary for 2 reasons:
- Antibiotics significantly alleviate the condition of patients.
- There is a high probability that the secretions contain microorganisms that are difficult to detect in the prostate by laboratory methods.
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome antibiotic treatment is as follows:
- Fluoroquinolone or Doxycycline is prescribed for 2 weeks.
- Prostate secretions are re-examined and funds continue to be taken up for up to 4 weeks as symptoms decrease.
Treatment of patients with asymptomatic prostatitis with the following indications:
- infertility;
- before prevention of prostate surgery;
- when identifying pathogenic microorganisms in secretions;
- increased antiprostatic antibodies in the blood and positive microbiological tests.
Other tools:
In case of prostatitis, medicines belonging to the group of alpha-blockers are prescribed. These agents increase the maximum and average flow rate of urine, reduce the tone of the urethral wall, and eliminate incomplete opening of the bladder neck during emptying. These effects eliminate phenomena such as:
- Frequent and painful urination;
- reduction of jet flow;
- Further effort is required to excrete urine.
Typical agents are Alfuzosin, Tamsulosin and Doxazosin, which are particularly relevant in chronic forms of the disease.These medicines should be treated for at least 3 months.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed as symptomatic therapy. They reduce inflammation, edema and reduce pain.They use drugs like Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Nimesulide and others. The duration of treatment with such agents should not exceed 4 weeks. These medications are taken strictly after a meal as they irritate the stomach wall.
In addition to tablets, topical treatment is also used. To this end, patients are prescribed drugs such as Vitaprost, Prostatilen, Uroprost, etc. in suppositories. It is also indicated for prostate adenoma.
Herbal medicine
Dwarf palm fruit extract is widely used in traditional medicine. The active ingredients reduce inflammation, edema and have a vasodilating effect (strengthen the vessel wall).
African plum bark has a similar effect.
Prostatilen is of natural origin. It is made from the prostate gland of cattle. It has an anti-inflammatory effect and reduces the appearance of prostate adenoma.
Folk remedies
Prostatitis can be treated with folk remedies. In the first place in terms of efficiency - the use of pumpkin seed oil. You can buy this product in pharmacies. Take for 1 tablespoon. l. 3 times a day, the course of treatment is 3-4 months.To prevent prostate disease, every man can take 30 pumpkin seeds once a day before meals. You need to take them raw, as the healing properties are lost after roasting.
You can use pumpkin seeds prepared according to the following recipe for treatment:
- 0, 5 kg of peeled seeds are ground in a meat grinder or blender.
- Add 200 g of honey and mix everything until smooth.
- Forms 2-3 cm balls.
Store them in the refrigerator, take a piece 30 minutes before eating. This product should be chewed and dissolved for 2-3 minutes, not swallowed. The cure is 6 months.
Leaf infusion or hazelnut bark infusion has a healing effect on prostatitis. To prepare the first cure 1 tbsp. l. dry leaves and boil in a glass of boiling water. You should stick to it for 30 minutes and take 1/4 of the resulting solution 4 times a day. 1 tbsp for the decoction. l. Pour 200 ml of crushed ingredients and cook in a water bath for 30 minutes. The medicine should then be cooled and taken with 1/4 cup 4 times a day.
Parsley green has a healing effect on prostatitis. It has anti-inflammatory properties and helps restore sexual activity. In this case, parsley juice is used. To do this, the greens are crushed to a crushing state and the liquid is squeezed out 3-4 times through a folded cheese. Take for 1 tablespoon. l. 3 times a day.
Treat prostatitis at home and with herbs. One wormwood. It allows you to relieve inflammation and rid the body of the pathogen. It is taken dry for the first 3 days - it is absorbed in the mouth every 2-3 hours. The next four days will reduce the number of bets to 5. Every day, at night, microcycles are made from the grass.
To do this, you need to make an infusion of 1 tablespoon. l. Take 1 liter of water. The composition should be boiled and allowed to cool to +40 degrees. The solution must then be filtered. Injections should be given into the anus (100 ml) and the urethra (50 ml). The procedures must be completed within a week. They are signaled in a chronic process.During douching and microclysters, the release of pus is possible - a normal phenomenon that indicates the effectiveness of the treatment.
Conclusion
Physiotherapy, prostate massage and organ acupuncture are used in combination with the main methods of treating the disease.
Life with chronic prostatitis should be regularly screened and treated as there is a high probability of loss of reproductive function.